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Schema piece - Recipe

Describes a Recipe, which contains a series of instructions, ingredients, and optional fields.

Triggers​

Should be added as a top-level node in the graph, when the content of a page describes a recipe.

Required properties​

A valid Recipe must have the following properties.

  • @type: Recipe.
  • @id: The site's home URL appended by #/schema/Recipe/{{ID}}, where {{ID}} is a unique identifier.
  • name: A string describing the recipe.
  • image: An image representing the completed recipe, referenced by ID.
  • recipeIngredient: An array of strings representing each ingredient and quantity (e.g., "3 apples").
  • recipeInstructions: An array of HowToStep objects, with the following properties:
    • @type: HowToStep.
    • @id: The unmodified canonical URL of the page, appended by #/schema/HowToStep/{{ID}}, where {{ID}} is a unique identifier.
    • url: A link to a fragment identifier (an 'ID anchor') of the individual step (e.g., https://www.example.com/example-page/#recipe-step-5).
    • text: The instruction string ("e.g., "Bake at 200*C for 40 minutes, or until golden-brown, stirring periodically throughout").
    • name (optional): A short summary of the step (e.g., "Bake").
    • image (optional): An image representing the step, referenced by ID.

Failure scenarios​

If any of the required fields of the Recipe are missing or invalid, the node should not be output.

If a node is not output, any entities which would otherwise have declared a relationship with it should remove those references.

Optional properties​

The following should be added whenever available and valid:

  • description: A string describing the recipe.
  • cookTime: The cooking time in ISO 8601 format.
  • prepTime: The time required to prepare the recipe.
  • nutrition: A NutritionInformation node, with a calories property which defines a calorie count as a string (e.g., "270 calories").
  • recipeYield: The number of servings the recipe creates (not the number of individual items, if these are different), as a string (e.g., "6", rather than 6).
  • tools: An array of strings representing the tools required in the recipe.
  • keywords: An array of keywords describing the recipe.
  • recipeCuisine: A string describing the cuisine type (e.g., "American" or "Spanish").
  • recipeCategory: The category of the recipe, from the following options: 'Appetizer', 'Breakfast', 'Brunch', 'Dessert', 'Dinner', 'Drink', 'Lunch', 'Main course', 'Sauce', 'Side dish', 'Snack', 'Starter'.
  • suitableForDiet: a RestrictedDiet node, with a value (or array of values) from the following options: 'DiabeticDiet', 'GlutenFreeDiet', 'HalalDiet', 'HinduDiet', 'KosherDiet', 'LowCalorieDiet', 'LowFatDiet', 'LowLactoseDiet', 'LowSaltDiet', 'VeganDiet', 'VegetarianDiet'.
  • video: A reference to a video representing the recipe instructions, by ID.
  • inLanguage: The language code for the guide; e.g., en-GB.
  • datePublished: The date when the recipe was added, in ISO 8601 format.

Conditional properties​

When the recipe is the 'main entity' of the page​

  • mainEntityOfPage: Referencing the WebPage by ID.

When only one of cookTime or prepTime is specified​

  • Alter the property in question to totalTime.

When both of cookTime and prepTime are specified.​

  • totalTime: The sum of cookTime and prepTime in ISO 8601 duration format.

When the page contains a valid Article​

  • Alter the mainEntityOfPage property to reference the Article by ID, (instead of the WebPage).

And when the Article has an Author​

  • author: A reference to the Article's author by ID.

Examples​

Minimum criteria​

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@graph": [
      {
          "@type": "Recipe",
          "mainEntityOfPage": {
              "@id": "https://www.example.com/#/schema/Article/abc123"
          },
          "name": "Party Coffee Cake",
          "image": {
              "@id": "https://www.example.com/uploads/example-image.jpg"
          },
          "recipeIngredient": [
              "2 cups of flour",
              "3/4 cup white sugar",
              "2 teaspoons baking powder",
              "1/2 teaspoon salt",
              "1/2 cup butter",
              "2 eggs",
              "3/4 cup milk"
          ],
          "recipeInstructions": [
              {
                  "@type": "HowToStep",
                  "text": "Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F. Grease and flour a 9x9 inch pan.",
                  "url": "https://example.com/example-page/#recipe-step-1"
              },
              {
                  "@type": "HowToStep",
                  "text": "In a large bowl, combine flour, sugar, baking powder, and salt.",
                  "url": "https://example.com/example-page/#recipe-step-2"
              },
              {
                  "@type": "HowToStep",
                  "text": "Mix in the butter, eggs, and milk.",
                  "url": "https://example.com/example-page/#recipe-step-3"
              },
              {
                  "@type": "HowToStep",
                  "text": "Spread into the prepared pan.",
                  "url": "https://example.com/example-page/#recipe-step-4"
              },
              {
                  "@type": "HowToStep",
                  "name": "Bake",
                  "url": "https://example.com/example-page/#recipe-step-5"
              },
              {
                  "@type": "HowToStep",
                  "text": "Allow to cool and enjoy.",
                  "url": "https://example.com/example-page/#recipe-step-6"
              }
          ]
      }
  ]
}

Extended criteria​

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@graph": [
      {
          "@type": "Recipe",
          "mainEntityOfPage": {
              "@id": "https://www.example.com/#/schema/Article/abc123"
          },
          "name": "Party Coffee Cake",
          "image": {
              "@id": "https://www.example.com/uploads/example-image.jpg"
          },
          "video": {
              "@id": "https://www.example.com/#/schema/VideoObject/abc123"
          },
          "author": {
              "@id": "https://www.example.com/#/schema/Person/abc123"
          },
          "inLanguage": "en-GB",
          "datePublished": "2018-03-10",
          "description": "This coffee cake is awesome and perfect for parties.",
          "prepTime": "PT20M",
          "cookTime": "PT30M",
          "totalTime": "PT50M",
          "keywords": "cake for a party, coffee",
          "recipeYield": "10",
          "recipeCategory": "Dessert",
          "recipeCuisine": "American",
          "suitableForDiet": [
              "VegetarianDiet",
              "LowSaltDiet"
          ],
          "tools": [
              "A 9x9 inch pan",
              "A large mixing bowl"
          ],
          "nutrition": {
              "@type": "NutritionInformation",
              "calories": "270 calories"
          },
          "recipeIngredient": [
              "2 cups of flour",
              "3/4 cup white sugar",
              "2 teaspoons baking powder",
              "1/2 teaspoon salt",
              "1/2 cup butter",
              "2 eggs",
              "3/4 cup milk"
          ],
          "recipeInstructions": [
              {
                  "@type": "HowToStep",
                  "name": "Preheat",
                  "text": "Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F. Grease and flour a 9x9 inch pan.",
                  "url": "https://example.com/example-page/test/#recipe-step-1",
                  "image": {
                      "@id": "https://www.example.com/uploads/example-image-2.jpg"
                  }
              },
              {
                  "@type": "HowToStep",
                  "name": "Mix dry ingredients",
                  "text": "In a large bowl, combine flour, sugar, baking powder, and salt.",
                  "url": "https://example.com/example-page/test/#recipe-step-2",
                  "image": {
                      "@id": "https://www.example.com/uploads/example-image-3.jpg"
                  }
              },
              {
                  "@type": "HowToStep",
                  "name": "Add wet ingredients",
                  "text": "Mix in the butter, eggs, and milk.",
                  "url": "https://example.com/example-page/test/#recipe-step-3",
                  "image": {
                      "@id": "https://www.example.com/uploads/example-image-4.jpg"
                  }
              },
              {
                  "@type": "HowToStep",
                  "name": "Spread into pan",
                  "text": "Spread into the prepared pan.",
                  "url": "https://example.com/example-page/test/#recipe-step-4",
                  "image": {
                      "@id": "https://www.example.com/uploads/example-image-5.jpg"
                  }
              },
              {
                  "@type": "HowToStep",
                  "name": "Bake",
                  "text": "Bake for 30 to 35 minutes, or until firm.",
                  "url": "https://example.com/example-page/test/#recipe-step-5",
                  "image": {
                      "@id": "https://www.example.com/uploads/example-image-6.jpg"
                  }
              },
              {
                  "@type": "HowToStep",
                  "name": "Enjoy",
                  "text": "Allow to cool and enjoy.",
                  "url": "https://example.com/example-page/test/#recipe-step-6",
                  "image": {
                      "@id": "https://www.example.com/uploads/example-image-7.jpg"
                  }
              }
          ]
      }
  ]
}